Eruption at Kanlaon produces pyroclastic flows, ash plume 7 km (4.3 miles) a.s.l, Philippines
An explosive eruption occurred at the summit of Kanlaon volcano in the Philippines at 02:55 local time on May 13, 2025, prompting authorities to raise the Alert Level to Level 3 due to magmatic unrest and the potential for life-threatening volcanic hazards. Authorities have advised communities within 6 km (3.7 miles) of the summit crater to evacuate.
Eruption at the Kanlaon Volcano on May 13, 2025. Credit: PHIVOLCS
A moderately strong explosive eruption occurred at the summit crater of Kanlaon Volcano at 02:55 local time on May 13, lasting about 5 minutes.
The ash plume from the eruption rose to approximately 7 km (22 900 feet) above sea level (a.s.l), drifting southwest. The eruption was heard in Canlaon City, Brgy. Pula in Negros Oriental, and Las Castellana in Negros Occidental.
Pyroclastic flows descended approximately 2 km (1.2 miles) down the southern slope, based on visual and thermal camera monitoring. The eruption sent large ballistic fragments within a few hundred meters, burning vegetation around the summit crater.
At least 38 volcanic earthquakes were recorded following the eruption. Average sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions reached 5 241 tonnes on May 13. Ground deformation was also observed in the form of an inflated volcanic edifice.
The Alert Level for the volcano was raised to 3, indicating magmatic unrest and the potential for life-threatening volcanic hazards and short-lived, moderately explosive eruptions. Volcanic hazards include ash fall, ballistic projectiles, pyroclastic flows, and sudden eruptions.
Pilots have been advised to avoid flying near the summit, as volcanic ash from sudden eruptions may pose a significant hazard to aircraft.
Lahars may also pose a threat during heavy rainfall that can erode pyroclastic material and loose ash. A lahar is a rapidly flowing, dense mixture of volcanic material that forms in water channels during intense rains. It resembles a slurry of concrete and can carry debris ranging from rocks to entire structures.
Residents within a 6 km (3.7 miles) radius were advised to evacuate. Individuals in areas experiencing ash fall were advised to use protective masks or a wet cloth to reduce ash inhalation. Extra precautions are recommended for vulnerable populations, including the elderly, pregnant women, and individuals with respiratory conditions.
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