Campi Flegrei sees renewed seismic activity with multiple tremors
A swarm of earthquakes struck Italy’s Campi Flegrei region starting at 04:49 UTC on Thursday, June 5, 2025. At least nine tremors were recorded within hours, the strongest reaching magnitude 3.2. The activity adds to growing concerns in an area already showing long-term signs of volcanic unrest.
Campi Flegrei, Italy earthquake swarm on June 5, 2025. Credit: INGV, The Watchers
A series of earthquakes began early in the morning on Thursday, June 5, 2025, in the Campi Flegrei region, with the first tremor recorded at 04:39 UTC (06:39 local time).
By about 14:30 UTC (16:30 local time), preliminary data showed 18 recorded tremors with magnitudes up to 3.2.
The M3.2 quake was located at a very shallow depth of 2.67 km (1.6 miles).
The caldera has shown persistent signs of unrest for nearly two decades now as the ground in the area has risen by approximately 1.1 to 1.2 m (3.6 to 3.9 feet).
24 earthquakes were recorded in the Campi Flegrei area on May 14, 2025, with magnitudes up to 3.1. These followed a stronger seismic swarm that began the day before, on May 13, prompting authorities to declare a state of emergency.
The swarm included 49 quakes, with magnitudes ranging up to 4.4. Earlier this year, on March 13, the region experienced an M4.4 earthquake, which was followed by six aftershocks.
At Campi Flegrei, increases in seismic activity are closely associated with episodes of bradyseism — a slow, recurrent ground uplift caused by the movement of magma or hydrothermal fluids at shallow depths.
Bradyseismic episodes are characterized by earthquake swarms, typically at low magnitudes and shallow depths, reflecting ground deformation rather than immediate magma ascent. Geologists also report spikes in gas emissions during periods of unrest, which, together with seismic and deformation data, are closely monitored for signs of changing volcanic risk.
Campi Flegrei presents a risk to over four million people living around Naples. About one-third of the volcano is underwater, but the remaining two-thirds lie beneath homes and businesses. The volcano’s last known eruption occurred in 1538.
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