The Antarctic stratosphere is showing initial signs of disruption, as early warming waves form around a persistently cold polar vortex core. Further intensification and broadening of the anomalies are forecast for July 2025.
Large-scale pressure changes following a strong sudden stratospheric warming event in mid-March 2025, which caused the collapse of the polar vortex, are expected to drive spring weather patterns across Canada and the United States into May. Northerly winds are expected to bring colder air into parts of North America, while high-pressure zones may lead to warmer conditions in the central U.S. and southern Canada. The shifts in weather patterns are consistent with the typical effects observed following a polar vortex disruption, where the jet stream becomes more erratic, leading to unusual temperature distributions and weather events.
The final polar vortex collapse of the 2024–25 winter season has begun with one of the strongest sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events being forecast to develop and bring late-season cold to much of the U.S.
The final polar vortex collapse of the 2024-25 winter season is forecast to occur in mid-March as a strong stratospheric warming event develops, potentially leading to significant weather disruptions across the Northern Hemisphere.
A significant cold outbreak is forecast for mid-February 2025 as a Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) event splits the polar vortex, with one of its cores expected to move into North America.
An unusual buildup of snow from Siberia to North America in late October could destabilize the polar vortex, leading to colder and snowier conditions across the United States, Canada, and Europe this winter.
Surface temperatures in parts of Antarctica have surged nearly 30 °C (54 °F) above normal recently, causing what scientists call an Antarctic “heatwave.” This temperature anomaly is described as “a near-record (or record) event for the region” by Edward Blanchard, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Washington.
On July 30, 2024, NIWA reported that the anomalies from the recent stratospheric warming have started to propagate downward and are affecting tropospheric weather patterns in the southern hemisphere.
The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) has started shifting into its negative phase this week, likely caused by a recent sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event over Antarctica, which is expected to bring colder and wetter conditions to southern Australia.
A rare Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) event has been detected in the stratosphere above the Antarctic region over the past week. Forecast models predict it will start to filter down through the atmosphere later this month.
